TV & Film Industry: Ownership Overview

Ownership:

• TV & film industry is made up of different companies that operate and fund differently.
• ownership + funding = two most important factors. 
• ownership = conglomerates made up of different subsidiaries or independent outlets, be them private or public.
• funding = money and investment into a product.
• horizontal/vertical integration between companies and products make for synergy. 
• Vertical integration = expanded operations to provide similar goods and services. An example would be Star Wars: Rogue One, which marketed based off of franchise popularity, appeal to children via toys and other demographics for it's sic-fi genre. 
• the bigger the companies, the more revenue they are likely to make, as well as being able to invest in further.
• independent outlets tend to self-fund and not make as much money, yet tend to be far more artistic i.e. BBC, who are owned by the public and thus adhere to them. Of course they may not survive for too long against the bigger fishes.
• subsidiaries = companies under another company, making up a large conglomerate i.e. Sky TV.
• private companies have shareholders, meaning they are owned y non-governmental institutions and the shareholders directly make money. 
• public serving broadcaster i.e. the BBC - funded via license TV and public funding. They intend to inform and/or entertain.
• commercial companies are funded by ads and primarily built-up to make money. 
• license fee-funding - how much it costs to occupy a TV in a UK household. As of April 2010, the UK cost is $145.50p. 
• the primary mission of public broadcasting that of public service, speaking to and engaging as a citizen. The British model has been widely accepted as a universal definition. The model embodies the following principles: Universal geographic accessibility, Universal appeal, Attention to minorities, Contribution to national identity and sense of community, Distance from vested interests, Direct funding and universality of payment, Competition in good programming rather than numbers, Guidelines that liberate rather than restrict.
• http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0012/001240/124058eo.pdf - broadcasting guideline.
• http://www.nosuch-research.co.uk/pppp.html - public service research.
• commercial model - a type of funding is advertising which is applied to TV and it is when branded products are paid by TV commercials. Links: http://poq.oxfordjournals.org/content/29/3/349.short, http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00913367.2005.10639191 & http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1468-0297.2006.01094.x/full
• sponsorship is where companies pay for their brands to be put on before or after commercial TV ads e.g. X-Factor sponsored by 'Talk, Talk' and thus funds the programs through revenue.
• PPV - pay-per-view is held by private companies where a consumer must pay into in order to view the product being putted out. PPV is most commonly used to distribute combat sports events, such as boxing, mixed martial arts, and professional wrestling.