News Broadcaster
Role: TV journalist, newsreader
Presenter: Fiona Bruce
Examples of programs: BBC News at Six, BBC News at Ten, Crimewatch, Antiques Roadshow.
Verbal techniques: Bruce communicates with the audience in a very stern yet professional manner, being very formal in her tone and changing only slightly in order to fit the mood of the story being told.
Use of language: being very formal and well-spoken is expected on any news channel/network. Bruce is no different here as she delivers her lines in a professional manner, one that disconnects her from the viewer yet still gets across the story being told.
Breath of vocab: the language and words used are simple yet effective. Words are expressed such as "Sharply", with the extra emphasis getting across the desired point of the broadcasting message. Apart from that, the clip shows us that Bruce tends not to use many big words, perhaps so the viewers can better understand and follow the news, as it applies to all ages and is integral to the everyday population and average citizen.
Illustrative language: there is not much descriptive language of events used in the clip here, other than the explaining of the situation of the event itself, such as the banks in Europe falling due to economic ruin. This is the story Bruce is attempting to spin and sell for the viewer, while also keeping the general informed.
Use of quotations: she quotes then Chancellor of the Exchequer, George Osborne, on his comments concerning the banking crisis in Europe. This brings in a sort of legitimacy to the story, as an MP is giving their input on the story.
Catchphrase: no such catchphrases are used as they are not common place among newsreaders or broadcast journalists.
Accent: her accent is very formal and posh, not so much the Queen's English yet still very refined and calm. It helps in her delivery of the news and makes her seems separate from the actual events, as if cut-off emotionally so she can better deliver the stories needing to be told to the audience.
Tone of voice: as aforementioned, the tone of voice is rather formal and serious and tends not to gush out with expressive or emotive language. This is the norm for most newsreaders and broadcast journalists.
Appropriate to the audience: this is very atypical for the desired target audience, as the clip and broadcast itself is the general fit for the public norm of news broadcasting. This makes this specific clip rather generic in style.
Visual Techniques: cut-ways to interviews and other images such as statistics and diagrams are used to add an extra layer to the broadcasting, to keep the viewer from tuning out and get them more engaged. The color scheme remains the same throughout, which could be rather mundane for some; however, the change in visuals could help keep most engaged and interested.
Dress and appearance: rather causal with a white shirt under a dress sweater and tan colored pants. It makes the broadcast seem rather laid-back but emphasizes that this programming is still rather formal.
Body language: there are no real uses of body language, with the camera being focused mostly on Bruce's chest area and up, with another angle (at a medium long shot) showing Bruce standing cross legged and her hands mostly to her belly area or sides.
Physical gestures: Bruce often sways her hands in gestures but not much else, using little physical expression to get her point across.
Movement: what little movement there is comes with the sway of Bruce's hands and her head usually turning and nodding when discussing the latest news to the viewer.
Facial expression: mostly plain face yet still expressionistic in a way that is still meant to ensure the viewer still is occupied with the broadcasting message.
Appropriateness to audience: the broadcasting and the presenter itself seems very appropriate to the desired target audience, which will no doubt be predominantly adults to seniors.
Context: Bruce is talking about the Euro debt crises and its impact on Europe and the economy. Greece is in financial disarray and France and Belgium rush to buy out the bankers who wrecked the economy.
Production background: very atypical of a traditional BBC set with the red and white color scheme being very prominent.
Background (studio/location): location of studio is unknown; however, the background itself is that of the traditional BBC news station. Studio E, Broadcasting House, London 2013-present, serves as the location for the broadcasting station for BBC News at Six.
Target audience: the BBC is a rolling news network, meaning it runs 24/7, thus it tries to appeal to and apply to all ages, demographics and minorities, depending on the time of day. However, for this particular clip, the show is being aimed predominately towards the older audiences of adults and seniors, due to the political aspect of the broadcast.
Target audience: the BBC is a rolling news network, meaning it runs 24/7, thus it tries to appeal to and apply to all ages, demographics and minorities, depending on the time of day. However, for this particular clip, the show is being aimed predominately towards the older audiences of adults and seniors, due to the political aspect of the broadcast.
Chat Show Host
Role: host, presenter, interviewer
Presenter: Graham Norton
Examples of programs: The Graham Norton Show
Verbal techniques: very loud and expressive in tone, as well as satirically extravagant and expressive. Graham tends to bring the fun to his audience by asking his guests questions concerning their upcoming projects or personal lives.
Use of language: rather plain yet fast to talk and always jumpy, it does nothing to take away the product however, as Graham does well to keep the pace of the broadcast going.
Breath of vocal: there is not so much use of big words or a large range of vocabulary use. Instead Graham lets his guests do most of the talking, allowing them to control the narrative of the broadcasting.
Illustrative language: not much illustrative language is used here. Graham instead alludes to the story as told by Greg Davies, allowing him to get across his part of the entertainment.
Use of quotations: no use of quotations here.
Catchphrase: Graham does not use any catchphrase in this clip, nor does he for his show through the duration of its running.
Accent: Graham's Irish accent has mixed alongside his English ways of speaking, making for a somewhat campier, more effeminate way of speaking. It makes him come off as fun and joyous in his language.
Tone of voice: as aforementioned, Graham's tone of voice is definitely joyous and relaxed, yet excited and engaged. This ensures he does not come off as bored and makes sure his viewers remain engaged.
Appropriate to the audience: the show is a one of celebrity gossip and making reference to the mainstream, which brings in a broad audience, one that is interested in the day-to-day topics of pop culture and wants to keep up and see whats new.
Visual Techniques: there are little to no special effects used other than in the shows opening and credits. Camera angles focus mostly on Graham and his guests, usually with medium close-ups from the chest and up. This gives a good view on the attendants.
Dress and appearance: Graham wears a very peculiar suit, with a black dress shirt with white spots on it, while wearing a pinkish red jacket and slacks. It makes it seem more inviting and fun, like Mad Hatter from Alice in Wonderland of the sorts.
Body language: Graham is far more expressive with his hand gestures and the constant fidgeting in his seat makes him come off as excited and eccentric, which makes him seem happy and fun. Small features such as these can have a neat little impact on an audience, as they will be interested and entertained by the traits.
Physical gestures: as mentioned beforehand the use of hands and the way he sways them towards his guests when talking to them make Graham come off as a very expressive person, one filled with strong emotion.
Movement: Graham mostly fidgets in his chair, making gestures with his hands to assert a question towards his guests in order to milk some entertainment out of them.
Facial expression: he seems joyous and happy in expression, popping jokes and generally enjoying himself on the show. This in a sense relaxes the viewer as they know this is Graham's show and that if he is enjoying it, then so should we. His face reddens with laughter and he smiles with glee.
Appropriateness to audience: Graham generally likes to often times include his audience and other viewers in his program, and this appropriates towards an adult audience and teenagers as well as young adults. This is because of the pop culture appeal the program offers.
Context: Graham alludes to a story of Greg Davies in reference to his guests Ryan Gosling and Russel Crowe's new movie, and has him explain to them (as well as Jodie Foster), and the live audience as to what it is. What ensures is laughter.
Production background: the visuals of the setting itself is very vibrant colors of orange and purple, almost like the colors of a chocolate wrapper. It makes you feel and warm and welcome in a fun environment. There are red ornaments as well such as glasses, sofas and a table.
Background (studio/location): the show is located in The London Studios. The show is broadcasted on the BBC One network.
Target audience: the show appeals to the mainstream due to its popular guests and pop culture references and relevance. It thus appeals to a rather broad audience, with mostly teens, young adults, adults and seniors who have grown up watching Graham Norton over the years.
Documentary Presenter
Role: broadcaster, naturalist
Presenter: David Attenborough
Examples of programs: Life, Natural World
Verbal techniques: very descriptive and astutely asserted language comes to play here as Attenborough attempts to describe to the viewer the nature of the dung beetle.
Use of language: very extensive use of big words and refined vocabulary that brings the viewer into the world of nature, and the wonders it holds. Attenborough's wildlife commentary is soothing yet exciting.
Breath of vocab: a wide range of vocabulary as expected from one such as David Attenborough. He brings forth an astute understanding of the field in subject. He names animals and points out their traits and characteristics.
Illustrative language: he gives great description for the dung beetle, describing their "Long-hind legs" and how it suits them perfectly.
Use of quotations: no use of quotations are used here; however, in other documentaries you may find excerpts from other materials such as letters, poems, books and even interviews (perhaps from war styled documentaries).
Catchphrase: Attenborough has no use for any catchphrase.
Accent: very posh, the Queen's English which is a major appeal for fans of Attenborough. He is the reassuring narrator, the safe tour guide, who knows his way around and can gently take
Tone of voice: soft and smooth, with very refined words coming to and from the lips.
Appropriate to the audience: being a wildlife documentary, the show tends to draw in an older audience of adults, middle-aged and seniors. This is generally due to most finding the subject rather mundane and boring; however, Attenborough himself attracts a broad audience, in the same way Morgan Freeman's voice does.
Visual Techniques: close-ups focus on the animals and the wildlife itself rather then Attenborough, who more often than not tends to stay behind the camera and instead give commentary as to what is occurring in front of us.
Dress and appearance: Attenborough does not appear thus this does not apply.
Body language: n/a
Physical gestures: n/a
Movement: n/a
Facial expression: n/a
Appropriateness to audience: Attenborough is a expert in his field and thus is a perfect person for concluding the information for his audiences. He is well mannered and spoken, making it appropriate for all ages to witness.
Context: Attenborough gives some thoughtful commentary on the flight of the dung beetle, as well as it's efforts to survive the harsh landscape it resides in.
Production background: set largely in the fields and plains of what resembles the continent of Africa, Attenborough and his crew attempt to document the dung beetle. BBC contracted Attenborough and a crew to carry out the documentary for BBC Earth.
Background (studio/location): unknown.
Target audience: documentaries tend to draw in a broad audience depending on their subject. On the case of nature this tends to range from adults, middle-aged people and seniors. In addition, fans of Attenborough and his commentary will be drawn towards the product.
Reality TV Host
Role: host, presenter
Presenter: Jeremy Kyle
Examples of programs: The Jeremy Kyle Show
Verbal techniques: Kyle is very assertive and empirical in his language, usually having to talk over his guests due to their constant bickering and arguing. Thus this is a great asset for him to have, as he does not lose the narrative of the show and maintains control throughout. It is his job as the host to keep the show moving on, and he must ensure nothing stalls that. Here in the clip he tells off the couple for their lying and cheating, but makes sure that things do not escalate too much by keeping them to the standard and keep things from falling apart. He does this by constantly posing questions towards his guests.
Use of language: he is very simplistic yet not still somewhat refined, borderline colloquial but has an air of authority when it comes to using words.
Breath of vocab: admittedly not so large, instead relying on simplistic words and language patterns that relate to the live audience, viewers and average guests. This ensures all understand and take in what he is saying.
Illustrative language: although there is little of it used, Kyle likes to raise his voice to get a point over, trying to paint a picture of the situation for the audience.
Use of quotations: occasionally he will uses his guests own words in order to add to the narrative, should it be for or against them.
Catchphrase: "Welcome to the Jeremy Kyle Show..."
Accent: being born in Reading, Berkshire, Kyle has a distinctive colloquial accent that comes off as normal yet distinctive, which helps him grasp an area of control over his audience.
Tone of voice: at times calm, other times loud ad some times even baffled, Kyle seems to have a bipolar tone of voice. Depending on the situation at hand, Kyle changes his tone in order to best fit the situation. Should things escalate however, Kyle can come off as annoyed, frustrated disappointed and even angry. This helps him maintain an air of authority on set.
Appropriate to the audience: The Jeremy Kyle Show itself has been described by a Manchester District Judge as "human bear-baiting". The show's controversy has no doubt draw its fair share of critics; however, this is exactly what draws it in. People love to watch other people and their problems as a form of entertainment, because the media, in various ways, have conditioned us to grow numb towards it.
Visual Techniques: there are little visual techniques used other than the opening and ending credits. Occasionally the cameras will switch to the back in order to get a view of another guest on the show, usually with them arguing backstage.
Dress and appearance: Kyle dresses smartly in a dress shirt, jacket and slacks, without a tie. It makes him come off as more of an authoritarian figure then those around him, especially in contrast with his guests who tend to wear casual, sporty clothes.
Body language: often times Kyle face palms in annoyance and disbelief at his guests, or even widens his eyes before them, to express just how dumbfounded he is about them. It is an expressive manner common among reality TV hosts.
Physical gestures: Kyle tends to move his legs more than he would sway his hands, often only tilting his head in motion as to when he should bark back at a guest in order to get a point across. Often times he may become baffled and face palm to show his disbelief.
Movement: Kyle prefers to sit at the opposite of his guests on the wooden steps as he interacts with his guests and audience, usually standing up and moving about, especially should things get out of hand.
Facial expression: often times stern and cold faced, Kyle has to be versatile and put on a brave face for the audience at home and in the studio. This ensures we know he understands the situation at hand and has full control over it. Other times it can show his personal disgust towards a particular guest or situation.
Appropriateness to audience: Kyle distances himself from his audience yet is always willing to have their input, making it suitable for participants should then want to get a point across. This makes Kyle very versatile in his role and often able to either ignore his audience completely or keep them in tune.
Context: in this clip, Kyle reveals to a couple that the man did indeed lie about having physical contact with another woman as well as telling the truth about not having intercourse. The woman is also caught lying about cheating on her significant other while she was pregnant.
Production background: the production is handled mostly by Kyle's crew of security and medical personal. The show also features psychotherapist Graham Stanier.
Background (studio/location): set-up in MediaCityUk, located in Greater Manchester, England.
Target audience: the target audience for reality TV itself is predominately adult and middle aged individuals, and this seems to suit The Jeremy Kyle Show well. Live audiences members tend to suit this demographic as well.
Children Programmers
Role: TV personality
Presenter: Fred Rogers
Examples of programs: Mister Roger's Neighborhood
Verbal techniques: verbal techniques are sparsely used as Mr. Rogers instead opts to give an easy to understand explanation of things and how they work. In this specific situation, he attempts to explain the making of crayons, and refrains from using any professional words when discussing the matter.
Use of language: the language pattern is formulaic, simplistic and easy to follow, suitable for the desired target audience.
Breath of vocab: though not child-like unlike most other children's TV programmers, Mr. Rogers likes to explain things in a very simplistic way for his young audience so they better understand and take in what they are being told.
Illustrative language: he describes the colors of the liquid and how they make the wax hard so the crayons are of use. "...poured into a kinda-big kettle" is an easier description for kids to follow.
Use of quotations: there are no quotations used in this clip, and others may vary to a degree.
Catchphrase: Mr. Rogers had no particular catchphrase, but did have an abundant of memorable quotes.
Accent: southern, kind and gentle. It is a reassuring accent that somewhat breaks the stigma of the typical accent associated with the south. However the voice a mix, as Rogers was born in Pennsylvanian.
Tone of voice: his kind-hearted nature shines through with his soft spoken and mild-mannered tone of speech. It made Rogers stand out among the crowd, and ensured he had that ideal uncle-figure go on. He was the one you knew you were safe with, the one who reassured you and taught you everything you needed to know.
Appropriate to the audience: Mister Roger's Neighborhood enjoyed much success among young viewers, yet also attracted an adult audience, as some episodes where no doubt rated PG yet still inviting to all ages.
Visual Techniques: images of the making of the crayons are shown, along with the demonstration of the crayon making.
Dress and appearance: Mr. Rogers wears his signature sneakers and a zippered cardigan sweater, This is almost an attempt to appear hip, but it actually has become a staple among seniors or elderly folk.
Dress and appearance: Mr. Rogers wears his signature sneakers and a zippered cardigan sweater, This is almost an attempt to appear hip, but it actually has become a staple among seniors or elderly folk.
Body language: Mr. Rogers body language is rather plain and not as expressive as most children's TV presenters.
Physical gestures: there is more focus on the crayons themselves than there is of Rogers; however, he usually demonstrates examples with his hands and makes it easy to follow for practical.
Movement: Mr. Rogers usually roams his home, as well as the rest of the neighborhood. He tends to walk slowly in a pace that makes the scenery calm and relaxing. It helps for his child audience to keep up.
Facial expression: Rogers is usually plain faced when speaking directly towards his audience; however, he is more often or not happy and joyful, only putting on a serious face when the situation calls to it.
Appropriateness to audience: Mr Rogers' mannerisms are very plain and simple, making them easy to follow for all ages and thus appropriate to the desired target audience.
Context: Mr. Rogers is explaining to the audience how crayons are made and manufactured.
Production background: production companies included WQED, Small World Enterprises (1968–1971) and Family Communications, Inc. (1971–2001).
Background (studio/location): CBS Studios in Toronto, Ontario, Canada (1963-66) then Pennsylvanian, US (1992-2001).
Target audience: as previously mentioned, Mister Rogers' Neighborhood had a broad appeal among children and adults; however, it was for the most part aimed at a young demographic of 12 and up. It's lessons on social and economical aspect of American life drew in a large portion of audiences.
Lifestyle Presenters
Role: TV presenter, broadcaster, guide
Presenter: Nigella Lawson
Examples of programs: Nigella Feasts, Nigella's Christmas Kitchen, Nigella Express
Verbal techniques: Lawson does not shy away from using visual and illustrative language when it comes to her tastes, especially when describing her work to the audience.
Use of language: very sophisticated and suave, almost seductive yet endearing in a happy way. It brings on a relaxing atmosphere.
Breath of vocab: Lawson uses expressive and descriptive vocab to get the method of her hospitality across. She has a wide range of words to use from her extensive, and sophisticated vocabulary, which she uses in a flirtatious and alluring manner.
Illustrative language: Lawson uses exemplar methods of cookery and bakery, as shown in the clip, where she shows her own way of making chocolate chip muffins. She gives details into the way you would mix the ingredients and how they come together in order to make a fun addition to comfort food.
Use of quotations: none.
Catchphrase: none.
Accent: a strong English accent, very sophisticated, smooth and alluring.
Tone of voice: her tone is rather flirtatious yet engaging, drawing in her desired viewers and target audience.
Appropriate to the audience: as per Wikipedia - Lawson has become renowned for her flirtatious manner of presenting, although she argues "It's not meant to be flirtatious. ... I don't have the talent to adopt a different persona. It's intimate, not flirtatious".The perceived overt sexuality of her presentation style has led to Lawson's being called the "queen of food porn". Many commentators have alluded to Lawson's attractiveness, and she was once named as one of the world's most beautiful women. She has been referred to as "stunningly beautiful, warm, honest, likeable and amazingly normal", as well as being described as having "flawless skin, perfect white teeth, a voluptuous body, ample height and lots of lush, brown hair". Nigella Lawson has been voted, Sexiest Celebrity Chef. The media have also noted Lawson's ability to engage with both male and female viewers; The Guardian wrote, "Men love her because they want to be with her. Women love her because they want to be her"
Visual Techniques: there are little visual techniques used other then camera angles, which consist of close-ups either focused on Nigella or the work at hand.
Dress and appearance: Nigella dresses very modestly and domestically, much like a typical at home mother. These clothes usually consist of a white shirt under a blouse or cardigan. On specials she may even wear a dress, further provoking the idea of her overtly sexual presenting style.
Body language: as aforementioned, Lawson has been described as having "a voluptuous body", and she seems to sway this to her advantage, moving with grace and ease.
Physical gestures: her physical features are noticed as previously mentioned by one commentator, "flawless skin, perfect white teeth, a voluptuous body, ample height and lots of lush, brown hair".
Movement: as previously mentioned, Lawson moves with a sense of grace and makes it look effortless.
Facial expression: always smiling and happy, Nigella's expressions are contagious and it draws the viewer, be they male or female. They feel comfortable around her because of her happy attitude, and she shows it on her face.
Appropriateness to audience: the broad appeal of Nigella, as well as her (somewhat) unintentional versatility to appeal to her demographic, makes her suitable for those who tune into her program, should they watch for her or for her skills.
Context: Nigella is showing her audience her method in baking one of her favorite comfort foods, chocolate chip muffins.
Production background: under a BBC contract in 2006, Nigella was able to host her own show called Nigella Feasts. It ran for a full season at 13 episodes, with Time magazine writing a favorable review of the show; "the real appeal of Feasts ... is her unfussy, wry, practical approach to entertaining and quality comfort food. ... between the luscious camera shots and Lawson's sensual enjoyment of eating, Feasts will leave you wishing for an invite".
Background (studio/location): location of the clip seems to take place in a bakery store as well as Nigella's own apartment. This makes the settings familiar and comfortable to the audience, as this is where her cookery and bakery come into play.
Target audience: Nigella's audience is rather broad among the male and female demographics. Her sex appeal no doubt attracts the adult and middle aged male audience. Meanwhile, most women who would watch the program are presumed to be doing so in order to learn from her cookery methods.
Voice-over Announcer
Role: narrator, contextual-provider
Presenter: Don LaFontaine
Examples of programs: numerous trailers & TV adverts
Verbal techniques: a bold voice and a knack for exaggerating words make LaFontaine's voice captivating and legendary. They didn't call him "Thunder Throat" for no reason. It is a booming voice, often intimidating yet gets you pumped.
Use of language: the language can range from formal to informal, often direct and adding the necessary context to the narrative and situation.
Breath of vocab: the range of vocabulary of LaFontaine can be described as very explosive and masculine. He brings the needed energy to a trailer and ensures it gets that extra push across.
Illustrative language: LaFontaine often has scripts at hand that ensure he gets across a character's motivation, in order to give the trailers a personal edge. This makes it so that a picture is painted for the already filmed action of an upcoming movie, and adds more anticipation to the release of a movie.
Use of quotations: n/a
Catchphrase: "In a world..."
Accent: heavy and masculine, strong and assertive. It is Don LaFontaine. He was commonly nicknamed "Thunder Throat" and "The Voice of God" in the industry.
Tone of voice: exaggerate and strong, yet also atypical of the 80s and 90s action movie voice overs. LaFontaine is a legend among the voice-over announcing industry, and he brings with him and epic, manly tone that attempts to illustrate a spectacle.
Appropriate to the audience: these programs are, for the most part, action-based trailers
Visual Techniques: the trailers themselves provide the necessary background for the voice over.
Dress and appearance: n/a
Body language: n/a
Physical gestures: n/a
Movement: n/a
Facial expression: n/a
Appropriateness to audience: applies to a wide demographic, though mostly adult to middle aged audiences, who predominately are more attracted to action-based movies.
Context: the clip is a compilation of trailers narrated by Don LaFontaine.
Production background: vary.
Background (studio/location): numerous.
Target audience: whichever demographic is drawn towards the desired movie, mostly action associated meaning a dominant male adult to middle aged audience.
Continuity Announcer
Role: bridge before and after programs
Presenter: Duncan Newmarch
Examples of programs: various BBC programming intros/outros
Verbal techniques: small pauses and an exaggerate tone may be used, as well as soft, vibrant words that are meant to relax the viewer before programming starts (or perhaps prep them in a exciting or spooky manner, depending on the next program).
Use of language: language is used short and quick, usually with humor and wit incorporated in order to move the broadcasting on. This ensures it entertains yet takes nothing away from the broadcast.
Breath of vocab: the vocabulary range can vary depending on the required description needed on talking about the program.
Illustrative language: details are given concerning the upcoming program and more often or not colorful language is used to describe the broadcast.
Use of quotations: rarely used; sometimes to hype up the next program, Newmarch me use a tagline or quote.
Catchphrase: none.
Accent: the accent comes off as rather normal and generic, yet warm and comforting, so the viewer feels safe and at home.
Tone of voice: the tone is a joyous and cheery one, filled with humor, wit and happiness. It keeps the viewer reassured and relaxed before programming starts.
Appropriate to the audience: these continuity announcers serve as somewhat of a buffer between the next segment of television, before and after a program starts/finishes. There is no real desired target audience; however, appropriateness would include no vulgar language.
Visual Techniques: talking over various clips, animations and other visual effects, it keeps the viewer somewhat engaged and entertained while the message is made.
Dress and appearance: n/a
Body language: n/a
Physical gestures: n/a
Movement: n/a
Facial expression: n/a
Appropriateness to audience: there is no particular target audience in mind, which leaves the announcer a little bit of free reign in how they act and position themselves for the viewing audience. Depending on the broadcast beforehand, the viewing demographic could be entirely different, leaving little to work with yet so much to do. In the case of Duncan Newmarch, he tends to bring a cheery attitude to the program, and works that to an advantage, making him inviting towards his audience.
Context: the clip is a compilation of various Newmarch continuity clips.
Production background: this may vary - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QOyo18hiqSA
Background (studio/location): as aforementioned, production can vary, depending on location.
Target audience: as aforementioned with the appropriateness to the audience, there is no real desired target audience; however, appropriateness would include no vulgar language. Target audience and demographic would change depending on the channel being watched, the time of the airing and the program about to be broadcast-ed.
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